The Geography of India: A Shifting landscape

The geography of India is one of huge contrasts. It's the seventh largest country in the world and sits on the Indo-Australian tectonic plate, between the tropics of Cancer and North of the Equator.

At its highest, the peak of K2 in the Himalayas, it's 8611 meters tall. From bottom to top it's almost 2000 miles, around 1900 miles wide and covers an area of 1,269,219 square miles. It's bounded by 4671 miles of coastline, to the South west, by the Arabian Sea, to the South-east by the Bay of Bengal and to the South, the Indian Ocean. In the North it borders China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan and Pakistan along 9445 miles of land frontier.

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India has one of the most diverse, mixed and complicated populations in the world claiming almost 2000 social and religious groups, 18 registered national and regional languages and at an approximate guess, a population set to overtake China within three generations at nearly one Billion 350 Million inhabitants and growing fast!India's territories stretch all the way over to the Andaman Islands about 780 miles away in the Bay of Bengal and to the West, the Lakshadweep Islands lay nearly 200 miles of the coast of Kerala in Arabian sea.

Asia is a continent going through some amazing changes at the moment with some even bigger ones to come. India is a land of incredible diversity in every aspect but it's also one of the most crowded, over-populated and impoverished countries in the world and as its population soars and begins to overtake China's, it's going to be interesting to see what happens.

Click here to jump to the Contents or continue reading for a more general impression of the Geography of India.

Above: Physical geographic map of India, click here for more maps of India

Indian Geography by Region

THE NORTH AND WEST

The geography of India in the North is a complete contrast to that of the Himalayan mountain range. The Northern plain as it is known stretches right across the top of India and slopes so gradually that from the capital city of Delhi right across to the bay of Bengal in the East it only drops a minuscule 200 metres.

The sacred Ganges river that brings life and support to so many people starts deep in the Himalayas before heading south to drain most of the northern plain before reaching the Brahmaputra River and eventually the Bay of Bengal.

The geography of India in the Northeast is defined by the beautiful foothills of the Himalayas which defend India from Nepal. India elegantly bends around Bangladesh before coming up against another of the Himalayas mountain ranges separating it from Burma.

The East

Three states in the East separate India from Pakistan starting with the much disputed region of Kashmir in the North, down to the flat lands of the Punjab and then onto the great deserts of Rajasthan. The state of Gujarat sits South of Rajsthan and is separated from Pakistan by huge marsh lands on its North before poking out into the Arabian sea on the West.

The amazing marshland of Gujarat, known as the Rann of Kutch, dries out in the dry season leaving little salt islands dotted all over the strange plain. It leaves a very surreal scene and worth a visit if you can get there!

THE SOUTH AND CENTRE

The Geography of India is drastically different everywhere you go. As the northern flats heads south, they begin to rise up into a high plateau known as the Deccan. Surrounding the huge plateau on the West are the Western Ghats that lead on to the sea and then on the East the Eastern Ghats which run parallel to the sea. Both mountain ranges meet in the deep South and form the Nilgiri Hills.

The Godavairi and Krishna Rivers are the two big rivers in South India and both rise on the Western side of the Western Ghats before flowing East over the Deccan and then down into the sea on the East coast.

THE ISLANDS

India lays claim to a number of islands around its coast and much further out, an example being the Anadman and Nicobar islands.

Despite being a part of India, most of the islands have very little in common with it, in fact most of the islands have far more in common, both geographically and physically with those of Indonesia, Myanmar and even the Maldives.

About 300 km west of Kerala are another geography of India specials: the famous coral atolls known as Lakshadweep. Made up of 33 coral islands covering 32 sq km the islands are believed to have formed around a submerged volcano.

Agathi Island

Above: The geography of India and Agathi Island: One of the 33 Coral Islands that make up Lakshadweep

More Informatinon about the geography of india

The Himalayas

Home to the largest mountains on earth, the Himalayas have an equally large influence on the surrounding nations.

The Population of India

Part of India's serious environmental issues comes from it's already massive and rapidly growing population rate

The people of India

India has a hugely diverse population and makes a fascinating race to study. See also the Origins of the Indian People.

The Flag of India

The flag of any nation is a precious thing, to some people anyway. It is a symbol rather than mere material and it is something that an entire nation can put there trust in and the Indians are certainly proud of theirs.

India Religion

India is perhaps one of the most religiously diverse populations in the world with a fascinating collection of different religions living peacefully (most of the time) alongside each other

Environmental issues in India

India has them all when it comes to environmental issues from air pollution, a litter epidemic, dieing rivers, mass deforestation and a rapidly rising population. And what's being done about it? Not enough is the answer.

India Ganges river page

The river Ganges drains almost 1,000,000 Square miles of land and supports the highest density of people with a staggering population of well over 420 million people who either live on, close to or in some way rely on the river for their livelihood. Also check out the route of the Ganges.

Ganges River Dolphin

The Ganges river dolphin is one of the most threatened creatures in India and little is being done to protect it

Ganges River Pollution

One of the most polluted rivers in the world, the Ganges, India's holy river, is a river of sludge and poison.

India air pollution

The quality of the air in India is bad an getting worse but what are the main causes? What are the consequences? And what is being done about it?

Waterfalls in India

When the monsoon closes in so the river rise and the water falls. India is home to many very spectacular waterfalls especially in the monsoon season.

The Wonders of India

From the Taj Mahal to the golden temple, the manmade wonders of India are many and are beautiful.

Facts about India Geography

How long is the longest river? How many tons of CO2 are produced each year? Which is the highest mountain? How hot does it get? And loads of other interesting facts about India geography.

Map of India

Where are the Himalayas? How big is India, where is the capital, with whom does she border? All the questions and more answered on this page.


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